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WORKFORCE WISDOM:
HELPING YOUNGER GENERATIONS PREPARE FOR CAREERS

Produced by the Intergenerational Initiative in cooperation with the Illinois Board of Higher Education; Illinois Community College Board; Illinois State Board of Education March 1999

Leaders Call for Cooperation
Overview
Need for Workforce Preparation
Retirees as Resources
How Retirees Can Help
Basic Skills
Work Ethic
Careers
You Can Do It!
Next Steps
Thank You
Participants
Organizations Involved

Leaders Call for Cooperation

"We must work together to develop a seamless system of education in Illinois, one that is characterized by each level working with all other levels for the benefit of each individual student. To do this we must tear down fences and talk to each other."

Glenn "Max" McGee, State Superintendent of Education;
Keith Sanders, Executive Director, Illinois Board of Higher Education;
Joseph Cipfl, President and CEO, Illinois Community College Board

Workforce Wisdom is an example of how the three levels of education work together to involve the community ad speak with a common voice.

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Overview

Workforce Wisdom is based on the thoughts, ideas, and caring recommendations of older Illinoisans. Two hundred retirees from business and labor -- from cities, towns, and rural communities -- put their heads together in 10 focus groups and laid out a path for their involvement. They reinforced the importance of perseverance and hard work. They laughed at their aging, shared retirement anecdotes, and agreed that humor is an important part of life success.

They considered cooperation as vital to successful workforce preparation efforts and working together was the hallmark of their meetings. A retired CEO discussed ideas with a retired blue-collar worker. Where they came from didn't matter: they became united in their commitment to share their experiences and were pleased that their ideas were sought. One comment summarizes these brainstorming sessions: "Others in my life helped me, now it is my turn to help others."

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Need for Workforce Preparation

In the children's classic, "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe," four children wander into a fantasyland called Narnia where the Wicked White Witch has doomed the land to eternal winter. The children cope with the challenges of this adventure with varying degrees of success, wondering if they will be turned to stone.

The world of work provides challenges very similar to the land of Narnia. Some people find they lack the skills, competencies, and abilities to cope. Others, find that they have been prepared. They have had the opportunity to try on different careers, hone communication skills, and solve real problems.

There is widespread concern, even alarm, that new or entry-level workers are inadequately prepared for the world of work. Many young employees, newly out of secondary or post-secondary school, lack the work ethic that empowered their parents and grandparents, have deficient basic skills, and are uninformed about careers. The costs to employers for training, recruiting, and coping with employee turnover are enormous.

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Retirees as Resources

Successful Aging, a MacArthur Foundation study, found that perceptions about older people are gradually changing. The myth that older people are inept, incapable, and burdens to society is slowly being replaced by a more healthy and realistic perception. For many years, it was assumed that the end of a work life was followed by a radical change: that a productive individual would retire and instantly turn into a helpless dunderhead.

Marilyn Hennessy, President of the Retirement Research Foundation, notes the shift in public attitudes: "Society's perceptions of older persons have changed as the active life span has lengthened. Although some negative myths persist, older persons today are recognized as assets to family, workforce and community."

The population of older adults is increasing dramatically according to the National Aging Information Center. Between 1995 and 2010, the 65+ population is projected to increase 13.2% and 106.8% by the year 2030.

Older people are respected for their wisdom, skills, and experiences. And they are regarded as resources for education. A 1996 Illinois State Board of Education and Intergenerational Initiative study of principals and superintendents found that 98% would welcome elders into their schools. A similar study of universities and community colleges found that 99% of deans esteemed the talents of older adults and would welcome them on campus as mentors, tutors, and role models for students. Further, retirees say they are eager to help, but in a 1998 study, "Educational Interests of Older Adults," retirees said they like to be asked.

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How Retirees Can Help

The focus group participants identified five areas for their involvement in workforce preparation efforts:

  • helping young people develop the basic skills sought by employers, especially communication skills;
  • modeling the behaviors and attitudes required for successful employment, such as responsibility, integrity,
    and reliability -- commonly called work ethic;
  • familiarizing young people with the world of work, that is, the variety of careers available, their requirements,
    and the appropriate preparation for them;
  • encouraging younger generations to embrace their gifts and talents, just as someone helped them when
    they were young: in other words, you can do it!

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Basic Skills

Giving a Speech Is Worse Than Death!
Experts say that giving a speech is feared only slightly less than death. So when a teacher finds an exercise that makes students eager to come to the front of the class and speak, it is gold. Such a phenomenon is the mutual interview, an activity involving students and older adults questioning each other about their history, views on contemporary topics, and even humorous incidents in their lives. Participating in such an interview, leads to energetic dialogue and effective reports. Even more amazing, shy or usually reluctant students give confident oral presentations and then beg for more time. When asked to close, they plead: "I have so much more to tell the class about my interview."

Employers rate communication skills as critical. In a study called, "Enhancing the Connection between Higher Education and the Workplace," employers were asked to identify the skills they deemed extremely important for landing and holding a job. Their responses were: integrity (84%), listening (73%), reading (70%), oral communication (68%), and written communication (56%). A study conducted by Northern Illinois University for the Illinois Board of Higher Education found that communication was considered to be the most important training and educational need for employees. Further, 81.5% of employers considered communication an important quality in hiring.

Retirees Talk about Communication Skills
The focus group participants viewed communication as a critical skill in getting and keeping a job and described many ways that they could help. They would like to sit down to a meal with a student, and just talk. They would enjoy playing games that furthered communication skills. Storytelling and one-on-one interviewing for oral history or job interviews were other examples of how older adults could help young people develop speaking skills. They also talked about listening skills. One retiree said with a twinkle in her eye, "We keep forgetting that we have two ears and only one mouth, so we should use the ears twice as much."

Al Beck from the Quincy focus group suggested that learning communication skills must be balanced with humor. As a student, eager to try his French skills, he asked for a ticket to the Paris subway: "Puis-je acheter un canard?" This actually translates into English as, "Could I buy a duck?" The clerk looked at him a little strangely and smiled as she asked, "Canard?" Then he realized he had confused the words canard and carnet, and laughed. He said, "One of the most important lessons we all learn is that we must laugh at our mistakes."

Retirees Talk about Basic Skills and Life Skills
When the focus group participants started discussing basic skills, they were like race horses eager to break out of the gate. Ideas flowed. All groups pointed to the 3 R's as critical to landing and keeping a job." In East St. Louis retirees talked about the family support they had as youngsters, "Nowadays some of these children have no support from their families. They have no one to encourage them to read, study, and do their homework." Retirees in Oakbrook talked about a change in expectations for young people: " Rather than having chores or part-time jobs, many children plop in front of the television " The group in Chicago suggested a reason for this change: "The idea that studying is important to the future is lost on children who may believe that they don't have a future."

Retirees said that schools have the primary responsibility for ensuring that young people have a basic knowledge of reading, writing, communication, and arithmetic. But the schools can't do it alone. Again, the idea of cooperation was offered. "Schools, parents, employers, churches, all must work together to reinforce basic skills. It takes everyone," said retirees from Momence. They also emphasized the importance of service and volunteerism, participation in the public life of the community, and developing skills that are needed for successful employment.

Retirees Talk about Their Involvement
Retirees see roles for themselves:

  • tutoring children in the early years
  • mentoring youth in middle and high school years; and
  • helping with orientation and remediation in higher education
In the early years, older adults can enhance basic skill development through pen-pal and e-mail writing programs and through reading programs, such as HURRAH (Happy Upbeat Recycled Retirees Actively Helping), which is a program developed by retired teachers to help elementary grades with reading. Russ Marineau, a focus group participant at Oakbrook, said, "HURRAH helps students build confidence with their reading."

If students get to middle school and high school with inadequately developed basic skills, the approach must be somewhat different. "Whether a struggling teenager or a single mother coming off welfare, they must take some personal responsibility for improving inadequate basic skills," said the Galesburg focus group. Retirees believe that high expectations are important at this age. Expectations should be balanced with recognition and especially appreciation of their accomplishments. Retirees from Quincy endorsed part-time jobs or internships in business as effective ways to motivate young people to make an extra effort to develop basic skills.

Remediation in higher education is a greater challenge. "Students often don't accept the fact that they need help," according to Seymour Bryson, Director of the Center for Basic Skills at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Universities and community colleges have resources to help, but many students feel that accepting such assistance reflects on them negatively. According to Harold Engelking, the Retiree Faculty Mentoring Program at SIU brought retirees together with students in groups to discuss basic skills, such as note taking, time management, writing, reading, using the library, and research methods. The Carbondale focus group said that "The students often just needed good role models and encouragement." Retirees in all focus groups felt that they could help with remediation, and the Elgin group emphasized that remediation must be relevant to the students' place in life.

Retirees in all focus groups noted that life skills are part of basic skills and that they can help in many ways. Retirees can:
  • act as sounding boards for untried ideas;
  • help with time management;
  • discuss parenting skills;
  • offer tips on physical appearance, such as when dressing for an interview;
  • encourage paying bills and utilities before splurging, balancing a check book;
    and "each month put a little something aside, even if it is saving pennies."
Summary
Retirees can help young people develop basic or workplace skills, hone communication skills and help instill responsibility and other positive behaviors and attitudes about work. They serve as mentors and role models and also give young people confidence. Retirees are in a position to see the larger picture and to help promote cooperation between community, school, family, and business.

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Work Ethic

Into Every Life a Little Rain Will Fall
A welfare mom was delighted that she had found a part-time job. She had to ride a bus across town but was nevertheless enthused. The first day she was a little late and her boss emphasized the importance of being on time. The second day went well. The third day the bus broke down and she was an hour late. As she approached her place of work, she became increasingly apprehensive. She knew she would get a reprimand at least and, perhaps, would even be fired. Her pessimism was overwhelming. She made a choice. She didn't go to work; she went back home.

One evening when Thomas Edison came home from work, his wife said, "You've worked long enough without a rest. You must go on a vacation." "But where on earth would I go?" asked Edison. "Just decide where you would rather be than anywhere else on earth," suggested his wife. Edison hesitated. "Very well," he said finally, "I'll go tomorrow." The next morning he was back at work in his laboratory.

The welfare mom and Edison have much in common. She is experiencing failure after failure, just as he did when attempting to develop the light bulb. But while Edison was able to look at his lack of success, and say, "Now I know 200 things that don't work," the welfare mom didn't have the experience to realize that failure often precedes success.

Retirees Talk about Work Ethic
The origin of work ethic is mysterious; it comes from some combination of family, school, and community; it is more likely from example than by instruction. It is about developing a sense of responsibility and integrity, learning that setbacks are a part of growth, and that "Into every life, a little rain will fall." Everyone experiences times when nothing goes right, times when they don't know what to do, and also times when everything is perfect. "Obstacles are opportunities in disguise," said the focus group in Galesburg, and are excellent ways to learn. Retirees from Moline said they learned to make failure work for them; they understand that individuals going from welfare to work often have had so many failures that it is easy to sink in them.

Retirees discussed how a work ethic is developed. "Most of us learned about work ethic at home. We always had people who had time for us; we always had someone who could show us the right way," commented the retirees from East St. Louis. Today, in some cases, the parents start out on welfare, then the children don't have role models for work. By the time they get to high school, they have an attitude about not working.

In the Chicago and Oakbrook focus groups, retirees emphasized responsibility as the key to a work ethic. "Responsibility is learned at an early age." Children in elementary years are given responsibility for household tasks, schoolwork, care of younger siblings, and contributions to family life.

Retirees Talk about Their Involvement
Retirees discussed their potential roles as advocates and coaches for welfare-to-work. They see themselves in many different ways: helping young people understand dress codes and how to make a good appearance. In Momence, alumni programs were suggested; "Retirees can organize a network of successful alumni and ex-welfare recipients to come and speak to schools."

In Moline, retirees suggested a cadre of retirees, like an education-to-careers corps who are willing and available to assist. Elgin retirees suggested a resource advisor to call when young people have questions. Retirees saw career stories as another important way to coach. By relating stories about work lives and describing their learning experiences retirees give young people real-life models of accountability and work-life responsibility.

Community Involvement and Service Learning
In Galesburg, retirees suggested opportunities for students to learn by engaging in community service. Community service is a good way to learn about work ethic. A sense of responsibility can be enhanced by community involvement, especially when it is encouraged at an early age. Service offers valuable exploration of the real world. They observed that retirees could invite welfare-to-work participants to join in civic and social activities. East St. Louis focus group participants encouraged "young people to connect with role models in the community and to get active in the community. Churches involve young people and we should support their efforts."

Summary
The beginning story about the welfare mom demonstrates a part of work ethic that comes with practice. She didn't have the experience to know that every job involves successes and failures. She only "knew" that she "would get fired," and with that perception it is easy to see why she ran away. "Experience is a name we give mistakes," said retirees from East St. Louis who believe these are just the cases they could coach. One retiree summed it well, "There is no failure except no longer trying."

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Careers

Peanut Butter to Diamonds
Joseph Arrigo is a walking advertisement for science. He takes his show to classrooms entrancing children with shows called: "A whirlwind tour of 26 fun sciences from astronomy to zoology," or "Turning peanut butter into diamonds," or "Taste, touch, hear, see, and smell chemistry." Arrigo is an organic chemist who says he "spent 27 challenging years in industrial research, then launched his second career lecturing, writing, and teaching real-world chemistry." Now he is in his third career, describing the impact of chemistry on our daily lives to young people and helping them learn about science as a possible career. He says, "I lay out a feast of chemical inventions and rhapsodize about the flesh-and-blood stories behind each of them." The products run the gamut from everyday items such as Superglue and Super Slurper to exotics like a catalytic converter cutaway and an artificial hip joint.

Retirees Talk about Careers
Retirees felt their experiences with careers of all shapes and forms could be useful in preparing career days and fairs, in helping students discuss their career ideas, and in practicing for interviews. Career fairs and developing awareness brought enthusiasm in most of the focus groups. Retirees recognized careers as something they could address and thought it would be fun to organize career fairs. Retirees from Galesburg and Springfield mentioned the growth in after school programs and how they could be a wonderful forum for discussing careers.

Gary Wood, a participant in the Springfield focus group and retired counselor from Pekin, suggested, "Many schools have career days with booths describing different careers and companies. Have a booth set up for retired people so that students can ask them such questions as "How did you find the job you wanted? How did you get into that occupation? Was the occupation what you thought it would be? How many times did you change jobs? What did you do on the job? Was it boring? What would I have to do to get into that kind of job?" Careers are changing so rapidly that students get lost. Retired people could tell youngsters about what happened in their lifetime. It would be a realistic picture of life instead of the colored brochure."

Cathy Bissoondial, Teacher of the Year 1999, has senior citizens come to her classroom to talk to her fourth-graders about their interests such as old cars, woodworking, travel, health, and so forth. "The senior citizens are doing two things. "First, they get the children thinking about careers. Second, they communicate their enthusiasm and joy about what they are doing."

Career counseling is not always readily available and it could be a function for retirees. Experts tell us that many students in elementary and secondary school are preparing for careers that do not currently exist. Retirees and students can brainstorm together about what these careers will be.

Mock Interviews
Every focus group saw the mock job interviews as a useful technique. Why? Interviewing is a stressful time, and retirees have a "barrel full of tips that worked for them."

David Wiant, from the Springfield focus group described an interviewing program at Illinois State University. The "interviewers" are retired from local business and industry, and from Illinois State University. All participating retirees attend a training session conducted by the ISU University Counseling Service. "Since many of those who volunteered the first year returned this year, it would appear there is a reward to all participants. Much of their assistance to the participating students comes in the form of comment and critique following the mock interview. Rarely will new job seekers have the advantage of advice and counsel from a former vice president of a major insurance company or other comparable positions in business and industry." The mock interview provides a unique opportunity for students to experience a job interview in a typical setting. From the experience, they can go into an actual interview situation with confidence. Chicago participants humorously advised: "Don't wear your nose ring to the interview."

In Quincy, retirees suggested that job seekers could easily research an organization or company so that the interview would be more comfortable. Likewise researching the organization helps the student gain an understanding of what it means to be a good employee. "What does this company need? How does it feel to walk in the shoes of the person who may interview them? "Retirees" said one group member in Elgin, "can help an individual see what personal attributes are necessary to be a good employee."

Summary
Chicagoans provided a good finale to the careers section. "Getting the job is just the beginning; one must learn to find enjoyment and investment in the job. Avoid criticizing your boss and coworkers and realize that you can't be thin skinned. Learn to accept authority, let them know you are there to learn and to do a good job. This is important for your peace of mind, for keeping your job, and for advancing."

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You Can Do It!

I Can Live for Two Months on a Good Compliment. --Mark Twain
One spring after the green seedlings were up and seemed healthy, a farmer talked about the early growth of his plants. "I don't like too much rain in the beginning," he said, "that way the plants will extend their roots down deeper and deeper to find moisture. Then when we have storms or drought, the plants are strong enough to survive."

Ensuring strong plant roots is akin to developing inner strength for humans. And where does inner strength come from? One source is the nurturing or mentoring by someone in our lives. Mark Twain was not laughing when he talked about the power of compliments and support. The need for affirmation is common--whether one is at the top of a powerful company or just coming off welfare and feeling less than secure. Everyone needs praise and profits from giving it too. Retirees felt strongly about their ability to mentor as they spoke enthusiastically about those who mentored them.

Retirees Talk about Their Mentors
In Momence, a retiree noted, "My mentors saw abilities in me that I didn't realize I had. They pushed me to accept higher positions than I would ever have thought I could do." In Moline, a retiree recalled, "A priest at St. Ambrose College believed in me. He accepted me as a student, without the usual requirements because he believed that I was capable of going to college."

When retirees recalled their earlier difficulties and successes, they acknowledged that there had always been someone to support them, teach them new skills, and challenge them to stretch. "My first boss was a very good teacher and knew how and when to delegate." "I was in a dead-end career and another worker talked me into going back to college." "I was the eldest daughter of a family of eight, and my mother permitted me to go live with my grandmother so I could go to high school." "My boss believed in me, encouraged me, motivated me. She said `I was the best until I believed it'." "My first manager spent personal time in counseling me." "One supervisor put me on tough assignments, another helped me develop good writing skills by asking me for explanations in one-page summaries."

Said Robert Mamoyac of United Airlines, "The vice president of our company had great faith in me and put himself out on a limb when he recommended me for a higher level position with many responsibilities. There was no company manual with step-by-step instructions. If I had failed, he would have been held responsible for that failure. I worked hard to learn everything I needed to know and as a result we were successful and inaugurated the first scheduled flight on the precise day that had been designated more than one year earlier. Through intense personal effort and commitment, I had succeeded, mainly because one fearless manager believed in me."

Focus group retirees saw themselves as mentors in a variety of ways:

  • helping low-achieving students who are used to being overlooked;
  • promoting self-esteem and confidence;
  • encouraging students to stay in school;
  • modeling and, in turn, encouraging a sound work ethic;
  • identifying and describing specific job skills.
In Carbondale, retirees discussed doing an inventory of students' resources to help young people have more confidence in themselves and to acknowledge their assets. One group alluded to Dennis Waitley and his inventory of self esteem called "BAG." Blessings--who and what you are thankful for. Accomplishments--what you have done and what you're proud of so far. Goals--what your dreams and ambitions are."

Summary
Young people need to learn that they can succeed. Retirees can show them some reasonable routes and some viable options. For example, one retiree noted that when he mentors students, he finds two or three activities that they enjoy and perform well. Then he frames his basic-skills sessions around those. Young people may give little thought to their future work life and to all the questions of career and preparation for career. When they do think of life after school, they may tolerate the uncertainty, but they can ill afford not to examine at least a few possibilities. Retirees can help them with the inquiry.

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Next Steps

Six Ways Retirees Can Help with Education-to-Careers
An ongoing theme throughout this publication has been cooperation and working together. Beginning with the clarion call from key educational leaders, a thread became a rope as focus group after focus group emphasized the need for cooperation and partnerships. In addition, the following recommendations suggest ways that retirees can help younger generations.

1. Local Retiree Advisory Committees
Education-to-careers programs and retirees from business and labor are a win/win combination. Establish a retiree advisory council to tap the ideas and experiences of retirees. Education-to-careers leaders, consider a statewide advisory group.

2. Retiree Corps
Develop a local retiree corps to assist education-to-careers implement some of the suggestions presented in Workforce Wisdom. State Superintendent Glenn "Max" McGee suggests that principals and superintendents are in a good position to have an ongoing dialogue with retiree groups and make them feel welcome in the school and in education-to-careers activities.

3. Communication Systems
Many retirees are opinion leaders, in touch with large networks. They have the capacity to inform peers and neighbors about local workforce preparation efforts and recruit for special projects.

4. Advocate with Former Businesses
Many retirees have connections to their former businesses and can help advocate for involvement of young people in education-to-careers and welfare-to-work.

5. Career Development
Retirees can act as organizers of discussion groups about careers, bring welfare alumni to talk about their experiences, develop after-school programs that feature career exploration and help with career fairs.

6. Dialogue and Intergenerational Teams
Retirees describe themselves as best when one-on-one, just talking to young people about a variety of topics and doing things together. Younger and older generations have great potential as teams to provide leadership for education-to-career projects.

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Thank You

Three cheers for the Illinois Board of Higher Education, the Illinois State Board of Education (Learn and Serve), and the Illinois Community College Board.
The focus groups were convened by individuals from K-12, community colleges, universities, and aging organizations. Thanks to conveners and participants who gave so generously of their time: Jeanne Flynn, Illinois State Library, Springfield; Charles Evans and Richard Kalus, University of Illinois Multi University Center, Oakbrook; Linda Dvorak and Jade Lambert, Momence High School, Momence; Sherry Berg, Carl Sandburg College, Galesburg; Betsy Brandsgard, Quad Cities Chamber of Commerce and Senior Corps of Retired Executives, Moline; Linda Kolbysz, Anne Miller, and Sharon Winkleman, Carpentersville District 300, Elgin; Carla Gosney, RSVP Program and Jim Burns, Education-to-Careers Partnership; John Wood Community College, Quincy; Dean Rohman and Harold Engelking, Senior Corps of Retired Executives and Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Monica Glaser, Jeff Nelson, and Beverly Barr, Hull House and the RSVP Program, Chicago; and Kim Carter, Foster Grandparent Coordinator, Cheryl Jackson, RSVP Coordinator, Cheryl Foxworth Brown, ETC Coordinator, and Darlene Roy, Local DHS Administrator, East St. Louis

A good communication system is characterized by the message reaching the people who need to hear it. Thank you to the Illinois Association of School Boards for assistance with printing so we could get these ideas to you.

Thanks to Sharon Granderson for the cover design, Kathryn Koldehoff for editing, Yusri Hussein for photo design, Maxine Miller for word processing, and Dick Kinch for helpful suggestions.

Jane Angelis
Intergenerational Initiative
Mailcode 4341
Southern Illinois University
Carbondale, IL 62901-4341
618-453-1186 FAX 618-453-4295
www.siu.edu/offices/iii

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Participants

Participants in the Ten Focus Groups
A standing ovation is offered to the 200+ retirees who prepared and gave us valuable insights on how they might help with workforce preparation (education-to-careers) efforts. You are an inspiration to all Illinoisans.

1. Springfield, September 15, 1997 Illinois State Library

Speakers:

Joe Cipfl, President and CEO, Illinois Community College Board; Diana Robinson, Associate Superintendent for Business, Family, and School Partnerships, Illinois Board of Education; John Washburn, Professor, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale

Participants:
Patty Berndt, Bill Disney, Charlie Doan, Quincy; Mary Anne Elson, Joe Hammerslough, Ernie Hoffman, Katie Huther, Dorothy Jatcko, Mt. Olive; Bob Knatchway, Almon Manson, Ivan Moore, William Oliver, Mel Rothbaum, Marilyn Schroeder, Charles Scott, Sue Sheehan, John Strong, Dave Wiant, Albert Wolff, Garry Wood

2. Oakbrook, October 28, 1997 University of Illinois Multi University Center

Speakers:

Welcome: Charles Evans, UI Statewide Programs; Michael Skarr, Executive Director, Naperville Chamber of Commerce; Linda Kolbysz, Carpentersville District 300

Participants:
John Minzing, Bob Mamoyac, Jim Brandt, Nancy Vedral, Stephen Andras, Ralph Schultz, Patricia Steinkamp, Tom Berger, William Mooney, Edna Baca, Chester Rybicki, Fred Rodriguez, Chuck Williams, Russ Marineau, Gretchen McDowell, Joe Arrigo, Cathy Demetrio, Katie Tolbert

3. Momence, January 9, 1998

Conveners and Speakers:

Linda Dvorak and Jade Lambert

Participants:
Willis Bucholz, Margaret Clifton, Les Dumontelle, William Gilbert, Arthur Jackson, William Johnston, Ester Johnston, Darlene J. Loftus, Sandra Ortiz, Richard Porter, Susan B. Reising, Cathryn Schopf, Robert Schopf, Elvira Lee Stewart, Miles J. Zahladrik

4. Galesburg, January 30, 1998

Speakers and Conveners:

Sherry Berg, Dean; Blanche Shoup, Director, JTPA; Barry Swanson, Assistant Principal, Galesburg High School, Peggy Miller, Director, Area Vocational Center; David Beversdorf, Director, Employment Training, Maytag; Carly Pecsi, College Student Representative

Participants:
John F. Cable, Joyce M. Douglass, Chris Fransco, Dick Johnson, George Miller, Carol Montgomery Eiten, Charlotte J. Pearson, C. Eugene Pearson, Ruth Pesce, Shirley A. Pritchard, William K. Richardson, Mary Strawn, Chuck Williams, Arthur J. Williamson

5. Quad Cities, February 27, 1998

Speakers:

Kathy Day, Job Training Partnership Act; Dawn Ramer, Private Industry Council, Welfare to Work; Gabe Verstraete, United Township Area Career Center; Betsy Brandsgard, Quad Cities Chamber of Commerce, School to Work Coordinator

Participants:
Norlan G. (Norm) Overfield, Max S. Davis, Walter L. Lofgren, Thomas E. O'Brien Jr., Alan E. Park, Keith L. Rveckert, Merton Sachs, Bertil Sandin, Richard W. Stevenson, Robert Van de Voorde

6. Elgin, May 15, 1998

Speakers:

Ann Miller

Participants:
Bob Blazier, Lyle Bloomfield, Phyllis Bloomfield, Don Boyer, Greg Guerrero, Robert H. Hansen, John Hipsky, Eugene Javillo, Michael Johnson, William R. Jones, Rosemary Kurtz, Sheila Martin, Ralph L. Meyer, Shirley Miller, Frances Newberg, Fred T.L. Norris, James E. Rene, DuWayne Sheldon, William Strong, Carole Strong, Cara L. Taylor, Barbara Trese, Alesha Wagne

7. Quincy, May 20, 1998

Speakers and Conveners:

Carla Gosney, RSVP; Jim Burns, John Wood Community College; Kathy Tomlinson, John Wood Community College

Welcome and Introductions: Dr. William Simpson, President, John Wood Community College; Elaine Mortin, Special Populations; Sarah Hunt, Department of Human Services; Jim Rubottom, Knapheide Manufacturing; Lancse Tomlinson, First Bankers Trust; Cynda Schutte, Job Training Partnerships Act; Gene for Ron Baugher, Quincy Area Vocational Center; Laurie Assell, Regional Superintendent's Office; Nancy Neadeck, Adams County Department of Human Services; Amy Hyer, Child-Family Mentor Program; Sandi Plank, John Wood Community College Literacy Program; Kathie Clark, RSVP

Participants:
Ivan Morre, Ken Mehl, Bille Peters, Al Beck, Rose M. Brooks, Caroll Johnson, Roger Brad, Gene Williman, Jim Cahill, Jeck Myer, Janet Scobee, Ruth Hall, Dodee Buzzard, Barbara Chertz, Jane Miller, Rose Scheiter, Sandy Callahan

8. Carbondale, June 29, 1998

Speakers and Conveners:

Dean Rohman and Harold Engelking, Service Corps for Retired Executives; Martin Tracey, Chair, School of Social Work

Participants:
Elza Brantley, Irene J. Carlton, Robert Downer, Harold Engelking, Lowell Hall, Lowell Heller, James F. Justice, David Kenney, Tom Langdon, Robert D. Leigeber, Richard V. Livengood, Andrew Marcec, N.S. "Mike" McMullen, James Prowell, M. Dean Rohman, Barbara Jane Schwartz, Gale Williams, Walter J. Wills

9. Chicago, August 17, 1998

Speakers and Conveners:

Jeff Nelson, RSVP, Hull House; Beverly Barr, RSVP, Hull House

Participants:
Henry Camnitzer, Helen Christos, Kay Fisher, Dave Harper, Edward Heath, William T. Holcomb, Barbara Reid Gardner, Margaret Collins, Mila Fair, Edna Grahame, Martha Wilson, Dorothy Clark, Daisy Randle, Helen Rushing, Barbara Gardner

10. East St. Louis, September 23, 1998

Speakers and Conveners:

Kim Carter, Foster Grandparent Program; Cheryl Foxworth-Brown, Education to Careers; Cherly Jackson, RSVP Program; Darlene Roy, Illinois Department of Human Services

Participants:
Sadie Adams, Minnie G. Austin, Evana K. Bonds, Ruth Bowens, Shirley Cobb, Jean Ellen Earl, Ernestine Fenderson, Rebecca Halley, Carlton Heyliger, Elaine Heyliger, Mary J. Ivy, Janie Jackson, Geraldine H. Jenkins, Ph.D., Virgie M. Mayhorn, Ella Miller, Lillie W. Monroe, Maxine Patterson Little, Reginald Petty, Mrs. Gustava L. Pritchett, Annie Riley, John W. Snowden, Myrtle J. Woody, Dorothy White

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Organizations Involved

Those participating in the 10 focus groups retired from the following organizations:

Adams County Circuit Clerks Office, Admiral/Maytag, Allstate Insurance, Amoco Oil Co., AT&T, Barker & Taylor Co., Bloom Township High School, Blue Island Chamber of Commerce, Boatmens Bank, Burlington, Carbondale Chamber of Commerce, Carbondale Herald Printing, Carl Sandburg College, Caterpillar, Inc., Centerville Hospital, Chicago Board of Education, Chicago Board f Health, City of Galesburg, Columbus Hospital, Crain Communications, Inc., Crystal Lake Chamber of Commerce, Crystal Lake High School Dist. 155, Culver-Stockton College, Cutter L. Company, Department of Public Aid, Dept. of Corrections-Illinois State Police, Dept. of Mental Helath-State of Illinois, DuMontelles Clothing, Duracell, Eagle Foods Corp. Offices, East Side Health Dist., East St. Louis Board of Education Dist. 189, Export Traffic Management, First Financial Bank, Gardner-Denver Co., Glidden, High School District 155, IBM Corp., Illinois Department of Transportation, Illinois State Police, Illinois State University, Jacobs High School, Jernberg Ind. Inc., John Deere & Co., John Wood Community College, Kankakee Federal, Kraft Foods, Marion Chamber of Commerce, Marion Memorial Hospital, Marland Clutch Div., Furn Industries, Inc., Mayor of St. Charles, Milwaukee Railroad, Momence Community Unit School Dist. 1, Momence Federal/Iroquois Federal, Monteno Mental Health Hospital, Nabisco, Inc., Northern Illinois University, Packaging Corp. of America-Tenneco, Pekin Community High School, Pet, Inc., Proviso Township High School Dist. 209, Quad Cities Food, Quincy Area Vocational Technical Center, Quincy Clinic, Quincy Public School Dist. 172, Renz Addiction Counseling Center, RJR Nabisco Brands, Inc., Royal Neighbors of America, School Dist. 189, School Dist. 205, Scott Air Force Base, SEARS, Silmens, SIU-C, Springfield Clinic, Springfield Public School Dist. 186, Springfield Public Schools, St. John's Hospital, St. Mary's Hospital, State Farm Insurance, State of Illinois, Three Rivers Manufacturers Association, U.S. Courts/Probation-Parole, U.S. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Government, United Airlines, United States Postal Service, University of Illinois, University of Illinois-Chicago, USAF, Varlen Corp., VOP, Inc. Ward-Quincy-Smiley Box Company, Zenith

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